Facts about the sub-sectors of the community sector

 

Some key facts about New Zealand’s non-profit sector:

• It has more than 97,000 non-profit organisations.
• New Zealand’s non-profit sector contributes 2.6% to GDP.
• This increases to $6.95 billion (or 4.9% of GDP) when taking into account the volunteer labour contribution. (This is similar to the contribution of the entire construction industry.)
• The sector contains more than 1.2 million volunteers who give more than 270 million hours of unpaid labour to the sector.
• Non-profits have over 105,000 paid employees – but only 10% of all non-profit organisations employ paid staff (the other 90% rely entirely on volunteers).
• In late March 2009, the Charities Commission registered its 20,000th charity. At that stage, the Commission had received just over 28,000 applications for registration. More than 26,000 applications were received before 1 July 2008, when tax laws changed.
  » You can search the Charities register online www.charities.govt.nz.
  » A snapshot of the types and locations of registered charities is in the Commission’s monthly Update.

Consists of cultural, arts and sports organisations, social clubs and other recreational clubs such as film societies, community theatres, garden societies, operatic societies, pipe bands, Maori performing arts groups, tramping clubs and vintage car clubs.

• By far the largest group (44.6%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 43,220
• Only the 3^rd largest group (16%) by number of employees: 16,820
• 94.5% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 5^th largest amongst all NPI activity groups (12.8%)
• Main income: 61% from sales of goods/services, 29% from donations, memberships & grants

4 very distinctive subgroups

1. Culture and arts subgroup consists of NPIs involved in media, communications, visual arts, architecture and performing arts; historical, literary, heritage and humanistic societies; museums; toy libraries; and zoos and aquariums. 5,020 NPIs
2. Sports subgroup encompasses the full range of amateur sports clubs, physical fitness, sports competition services and events. Includes a diverse range of grassroots sporting clubs, sports centres, surf lifesaving clubs, and some institutions that were difficult to classify. For example, racing clubs, which undertake to provide entertainment to households, conduct horse racing, and provide gambling activities. 14,910 NPIs
3. Other recreation and social clubs subgroup includes institutions providing services to members, recreational facilities and local communities.(NZ examples: local country clubs, men’s and women’s clubs, Lions and Rotary clubs, and returned services associations.) 23,210 NPIs
4. Support and ancillary services, where actual participation in culture and recreation are not the primary activities. 95 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Some museums or museum trust boards are administered by local authorities so are classified to the local government sector.
• Surf lifesaving clubs are classified under sports, as opposed to the Social Services subgroup emergency and relief, because their prime focus is deemed to be sports.
• The United Nations Handbook on Non-Profit Institutions in the System of National Accounts clearly includes “membership organisations providing services to members and local communities, for example, Lions, Zonta International, Rotary Club and Kiwanis” in this group. An alternative classification would be the economic, social and community development subgroup in Housing & Development, which was supported by the 2001 Community and Voluntary Sector Working Party who grouped service clubs under ‘community and society’.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 133,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Arts and Culture sometime in a 12-month period.
• 338,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Sports Clubs sometime in a 12-month period. (Sports volunteers are coaches, umpires, scorers, starters, referees, judges and other officials)
• 256,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Other Clubs/Community Organisations sometime in a 12-month period.
• 447,000 people aged 10+ supported Arts and Culture sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 881,000 people aged 10+ supportedSports Clubssometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 964,000 people aged 10+ supported Other Clubs/Community Organisations sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• In March 2007, Museums Aotearoa reported that there are 7,000 to 10,000 volunteers working in museums and art galleries nationwide. This encompasses twice as many volunteers as paid staff working in the museum sector. The report also indicates that each volunteer surveyed contributed an average of 1,640 hours in the financial year.
• Over the 2007/08 summer, 3,500 surf lifesaving volunteers gave up their free time to keep our beaches safe, performing over 100,000 preventative actions and clocking up a massive 169,811 patrol hours .

Key statistics

Culture & recreation	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	2,380	24.3	1
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	40,840	46.8	1
Total number of NPIs	43,220	44.6	1
Number of employees	16,820	16.0	3
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	466,104	12.8	5

Includes welfare organisations, emergency and relief services and income support providers.

• 2^nd largest group (11.6%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 11,280
• The largest group (29.9%) by number of employees: 31,480
• 84.4% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is largest amongst all NPI activity groups:  22.6%
• Main income: 72.7% from sales of goods/services, 18.2% from donations, memberships & grants.

4 distinctive subgroups

1. Social services subgroup consists of child welfare, child services and day care, youth services and youth welfare, family services, services for the handicapped and elderly, and self-help and other personal social services. (NZ examples: YMCA, Girl Guides, family violence prevention, Age Concern, Parentline and addiction counselling): 10,060 NPIs
2. Emergency and relief subgroup encompasses disaster/emergency prevention and control, temporary shelters and refugee assistance.  (NZ examples: Volunteer fire brigades, coastguards, refugee resettlement, Search & Rescue): 1,000 NPIs
3. Income support and maintenance subgroup includes institutions providing cash assistance, food, clothing, transport and other forms of assistance to people to maintain a livelihood. (NZ examples: food banks, Society of St Vincent de Paul, Salvation Army Family Store): 140 NPIs
4. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in subgroups above, but related in purpose. (eg: youth camp trusts, Op shops): 80 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Many social services are provided by religious institutions – sometimes as stand-alone entities and sometimes as part of ecclesiastical structure.
• Iwi-related social services are an important part of this group.
• Well over half the group revolves around community care services, such as accommodation for the aged, and residential and non-residential facilities. Evidence that private ‘for profit’ agencies are expanding within aged-care service and buying out non-profit facilities.
• Retirement villages or accommodation for the aged are classified under ‘services for the elderly’ in Social Services, nursing homes are classified to the Health activity group. (Not always easy to differentiate between rest homes/retirement villages that provide accommodation services and those that provide primarily hospital care services.)
• Institutions providing treatment for those experiencing mental health issues are generally classified within Health, while services providing primarily accommodation, information and support to individuals and families are classified in the Social Services group.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 37,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Children's Welfare sometime in a 12-month period.
• 43,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Family Support Services sometime in a 12-month period.
• 60,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Youth Services and Welfare sometime in a 12-month period.
• 124,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Services for the Elderly sometime in a 12-month period.
• 116,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Services for the People with Disabilities sometime in a 12-month period.
• 401,000 people aged 10+ supported Children's Welfare sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 416,000 people aged 10+ supported Family Support Services sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 301,000 people aged 10+ supported Youth Services and Welfare sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 395,000 people aged 10+ supported Services for the Elderly sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 657,000 people aged 10+ supported Services for People with Disabilities sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• According to a 2004 VAVA report released by the NZ Federation of Voluntary Welfare Organisations, more than 7.6 million voluntary hours were worked in just 10 major social service organisations during a 12-month period. This was made up of: 720,214 hours from voluntary managers and 67,894 more hours from board members.This adds up to the equivalent of 4,063 full-time workers per year - equivalent to the number of employees in the diary industry. Even the smaller agencies found their volunteer hours were equivalent to 50 (full-time equivalent staff) FTEs per year or more -  which would put them in the top 5% of New Zealand enterprises. The value of this work was calculated at a conservative estimate of $126 million in 2002.
• NZ Federation of Family Budgeting Services comprises 149 budget services throughout New Zealand that engage over 1,400 predominantly volunteer staff. Over a 12-month period, 10,733 new clients owed a total of $65 million in overdue debts.
• The Royal NZ Coastguard reports that the number of Coastguard volunteer personnel fluctuates between 2,200 and 2,500.  The activities range from unit administration and management, to manning rescue vessel, aircraft crew and support personnel, as well as radio watch and SAR coordination.  In the year to 30 June 2006 the number of Coastguard volunteer man-hours put in over all activities amounted to 252,000.
• Land Search and Rescue has over 2,500 trained search and rescue volunteers who are members of 54 Land Search & Rescue groups, organised into seven regions covering the length and breadth of NZ and two national specialisat groups (LandSAR Search Dogs and LandSAR caving). Other specialist groups such as Alpine Cliff Rescue and Whitewater Search & Rescue operate on a local level where there is a requirement for these specialist skills..

Key statistics

Social services	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	1,750	17.9	3
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	9,520	10.9	2
Total number of NPIs	11,280	11.6	2
Number of employees	31,480	29.9	1
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	822,970	22.6	1

Includes churches, temples, shrines and their governing bodies.

• 3^rd largest group (10.2%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions:9,890
• Has the 2^nd largest number of institutions (1,910) employing staff, but only the 5^th largest number of employees (ie: many small employers): 9,390
• 80.7% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 6^th largest amongst all NPI activity groups: 7.9%
• Main income: 71% from donations, memberships & grants (compared with 24% for all NPIs)

2 subgroups

1. Religious congregations and associations subgroup includes churches and similar institutions promoting religious beliefs and administering religious services and rituals. 9,080 NPIs
2. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in subgroup above, but related in purpose. (eg: Christian bookshops) 810 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• One of the few areas of society in which all institutions are non-profit.
• The social and economic influence of religious institutions extends into other activities such as education, health and social services, where many institutions have a clear religious affiliation. However where a separate institution has been set up to deliver those services, it has been counted in the relevant activity sector (eg: In Education and Research, 7.5% of institutions on Statistics’ NZ Business Frame had names that clearly identified them as being affiliated to a religious body. This was almost 10% in social services.)
• Category also includes missionary societies, evangelistic groups like open air campaigners, units distributing religious materials and centres for religious education outside of the Education activity group.
• Almost 70% of contribution of GDP from the Religion group is from local places of worship. Regional and national administrative bodies add a further 20%.
• Statistics NZ identified 3,068 places of worship, not including 27 national bodies
• The administrative arm of the Christian church is economically significant because of its size.
• 2006 Census showed an increase in the diversity of religious affiliation (16 categories):
  Total Christians: 2,027,418 (Anglicans & Catholics over half a million each)
  Hindu: 64,392
  Buddhist: 52,365
  Islam/Muslim: 36,072
  No religion: 1,297,104

Data on volunteering and giving

• 248,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time toReligious activities sometime in a 12-month period.
• 679,000 people aged 10+ supported Religious activities sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).

Key statistics

Religion	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	1,910	19.5	2
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	7,980	9.1	3
Total number of NPIs	9,890	10.2	3
Number of employees	9.390	8.9	5
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	287,151	7.9	6

Perform diverse activities largely for the benefit of the community, rather than the benefit of individuals. Includes tangata whenua governance, organisations involved in employment or employment-related training, tourism boards, and neighbourhood institutions.  

• 4^th largest group (7.8%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 7,580
• 6^th largest group (3.5%) by number of employees: 3,730
• 92.61% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 8^th amongst all NPI activity groups:  2.9%
• Main income: 43.3% from sales of goods/services, 27.2% from government grants

5 distinctive subgroups

1. Economic, social and community development subgroup includes institutions working towards improving the quality of life within communities, the economic and institutional infrastructure and capacity to improve general public well-being. (NZ examples: community centres, community development trust, neighbourhood support groups)   6,040 NPIs
2. Tangata whenua governance subgroup is uniquely NZ. Only included in D&H for international comparison, but basically 13^th category. Specifically includes those groups named in the 2004 Maori Fisheries Act and marae (but not those that fit elsewhere, eg: marae health centre in Health).  1,180 NPIs
3. Housing subgroup includes NPIs involved with development, construction, management, leasing, financing and rehabilitation of housing, and those related with housing assistance.   50 NPIs
4. Employment and training subgroup is institutions that provide and support job training programmes, vocational counselling and guidance, and promote self-sufficiency and income generation through job training and employment. (NZ example: Student Job Search)  270 NPIs
5. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose.   30 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• 80% of institutions in this group are focused on economic, social and community development.
• Social development includes community and neighbourhood institutions such as information centres, neighbourhood watch and hall committees.
• Development and housing includes community centres, community development trusts, neighbourhood support groups, and tourism boards and business associations set up for the purpose of promoting business development in a specific geographic area.
• Homeless shelters and supported housing are included in Social Services.
• In NZ, many housing and employment services are managed by central and local government.
• Only 65 NPIs in tangata whenua governance subgroup employ staff  - totalling 850 employees.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 93,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Marae sometime in a 12-month period.
• 299,000 people aged 10+ supported Marae sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• Approximately 3,000 volunteer community patrollers support the work of police as 'eyes and ears' in over 80 communities. Sixty volunteers, with an average age of 52, join a local community patrol each month.

Key statistics

Development & housing	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	550	5.6	5
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	7,020	8.0	5
Total number of NPIs	7,580	7.8	4
Number of employees	3,730	3.5	6
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	103,951	2.9	8

Includes kindergartens, playcentres, kohanga reo, private primary and secondary schools, private tertiary providers, other education providers such as English for speakers of other languages, and research institutions.  

• 6^th largest group (7.6%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 7,400
• 2^nd largest group (19.1%) by number of employees:  20,140
• 77.4% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 2^nd largest amongst all NPI activity groups: 16%
• Main income: 48.3% from sales of goods/services, 38.5% from government grants

6 distinctive subgroups

1. Early childhood education subgroup includes institutions providing early childhood education (excludes child-minding services)   2,030 NPIs
2. Primary and secondary education subgroup is school education at these levels.  180 NPIs
3. Higher education subgroup covers higher learning, providing academic degrees.
   Includes business management schools, law and medical schools. (NZ examples: NZ College of Physiotherapy, Royal Australian & NZ College of Radiologists)   40 NPI
4. Other education subgroup includes vocational and technical training specifically geared towards gaining employment. Also includes adult/continuing education where institutions are engaged in providing education and training in addition to the formal education system.  (NZ examples: Hearing Assn, SPELD NZ, REAP, ITOs)  1,120 NPIs
5. Research subgroup includes research institutions in the areas of science and technology, social sciences, policy studies or medicine.  320 NPIs
6. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose. Many of these are parent teacher, or home and school associations.  3,690 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Education and research is dominated by smaller, non-employing NPIs.
• The 1,490 NPIs in the higher education, other education and research subgroups include apprentice training schemes, ‘work in the community’ programmes and theological colleges.
• The top 10 primary and secondary schools employ 52% of the total staff for this subgroup, which is the largest contributor to GDP in the E&R category.
• Public education institutions such as universities, colleges of education, polytechnics and state and integrated schools are not included in the NPI Satellite Account.
• In 2004, the entire Education sector contributed $5.65 billion to GDP, while the E&R NPIs only contributed $495million (9%) of the education sector’s GDP. This is because the majority of NZ’s education institutions are within the government sector – in contrast to comparable countries such as Australia, Canada, the UK and USA where non-profit education is more widespread.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 193,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Preschools sometime in a 12-month period.
• 340,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Primary or Secondary Education sometime in a 12-month period.
• 35,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Tertiary Education sometime in a 12-month period.
• 647,000 people aged 10+ supported Preschools sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 1,038,000 people aged 10+ supported Primary or Secondary Education sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 230,000 people aged 10+ supported Tertiary Education sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).

Key statistics

Education & research	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	1,670	17.1	4
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	5,730	6.6	6
Total number of NPIs	7,400	7.6	6
Number of employees	20,140	19.1	2
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	581,154	16.0	2

Includes philanthropic trusts, gaming trusts, volunteer centres and fundraising NPIs.

• 2^nd smallest group (0.6%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions:  610
• 2^nd smallest group (0.5%) by number of employees:  570
• 88.5% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 3^rd largest amongst all NPI activity groups.  15.5%
• Main income:  69.5% from sales of goods/services (includes proceeds from gaming machines), 14.8% from interest received, 9.5% from dividends received

4 distinctive subgroups

1. Grant-making foundations subgroup is private grant-making foundations. (NZ examples: Community trusts, gaming trust and various other trusts that offer grants)   470 NPIs
2. Fundraising organisations subgroup.
   (NZ example: Fundraising Institute of NZ)   90 NPIs
3. Voluntarism promotion subgroup includes NPIs that recruit, train and place volunteers and promote volunteering. (NZ example: Volunteer centres)  25 NPIs
4. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose.    35 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Grant-making foundations have significant financial flows. NPIs in this subgroup focus solely on managing and distributing funds to community groups.
• An NPI is classified as a fundraiser if they raise funds for one specific purpose, but as a grant-maker if they distribute their funds to various purposes.

Key statistics

Grantmaking, fundraising & voluntarism promotion	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	80	0.8	11
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	540	0.6	11
Total number of NPIs	610	0.6	11
Number of employees	570	0.5	11
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	565,754	15.5	3

Includes advocacy groups that work to promote civil and other rights, or advocate the interests of general or special constituencies.  

• 8^th largest group (2.6%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 2,500
• 8^th largest group (2.4%) by number of employees:  2,490
• 91.2% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 9^th largest amongst all NPI activity groups: 2.3%
• Main income: 64.1% from sales of goods/services, 26.5% from membership, donations and grants

4 distinctive subgroups

1. Civic and advocacy organisations subgroup includes advocacy institutions, civil rights, ethnic and civic associations. (NZ examples: Government Superannuitants Assn, NZ Chinese Assn, Advocacy Network Service, residents and ratepayers assns, student assns, the Polynesian Society)  1,930 NPIs
2. Law and legal services subgroup includes legal services, crime prevention and public policy, rehabilitation, of offenders, victim support and consumer protection. (NZ examples: Victim Support, restorative justice services, Tenants Protection Assn, Consumers Institute)   200 NPIs
3. Political organisations subgroup covers activities and services to support the placing of particular candidates into political office. (NZ examples: NZ National Party, NZ Labour Party, other political parties)          320 NPIs
4. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose.  50 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Although this is a relatively small sub-sector in terms of numbers of NPIs, there is a significant number of important stakeholders for OCVS to reach.  Given their likely influence in other fields, this is probably warranted.
• The particular focus of these NPIs is to give a group representation within the public arena – providing benefits such as social cohesion, legal protection or a voice to parts of society that may not be well-represented otherwise.
• This sub-sector represents 2 to 3% of all NPIs across all key statistics
  (ie: more consistent across the board than other sub-sectors.)
• Many NPIs advocate, provide legal services or have political agendas, but if this is not their primary activity they are counted in another sub-sector (eg: social services).

Data on volunteering and giving

• 20,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Political Organisations sometime in a 12-month period.
• 181,000 people aged 10+ supported Political Organisations sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).

Key statistics

Law, advocacy & politics	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	210	2.1	8
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	2,280	2.6	8
Total number of NPIs	2,500	2.6	8
Number of employees	2,490	2.4	8
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	83,988	2.3	9

Includes non-profit private hospitals and primary health organisations (PHOs).  

• 9^th largest group (2.3%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 2,210
• 4^th largest group (14.3%) by number of employees: 15,090
• 80.1% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 4^th largest amongst all NPI activity groups: 12.8%
• Main income: 81.5% from sales of goods/services, 12.2% from membership, donations and grants.

5 distinctive subgroups

1. Hospitals and rehabilitation subgroup is hospitals providing in-patient healthcare including physiotherapy and other rehabilitative therapy for those with injury, genetic defect or disease. (NZ examples: Chelsea private hospital, other private hospital trusts)  15 NPIs
2. Nursing homes subgroup covers in-patient convalescent care and residential care, nursing homes for the severely handicapped and hospice services. (NZ examples: Palliative Care Society)  30 NPIs
3. Mental health and crisis intervention subgroup includes psychiatric hospitals, outpatient treatment for mentally ill, and outpatient services and counsel in acute mental health situations. (NZ examples: Ashburn Clinic, Mental Health Foundation, Like Minds) 55 NPIs
4. Other health services subgroup is public health promotion and education, outpatient health treatment, outpatient rehabilitative medical services and emergency medical services. (NZ examples: marae health centres, the Order of St John ambulance services, air rescue trusts, Royal NZ Plunket Society, National Heart Foundation.) 1,530 NPIs
5. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose.   580 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• In NZ, most hospitals are publicly-owned, so are not included in the NPI Satellite Account.
• ‘Punching above its weight’ in employment and contribution to GDP – most likely because hospitals employ more staff than most NPIs.
• Retirement villages or accommodation for the aged are classified in Social Services, nursing homes are classified to the Health activity group. (Not always easy to differentiate between rest homes/retirement villages that provide accommodation services and those that provide primarily hospital care services.)
• Institutions providing treatment for those experiencing mental health issues are generally classified within Health, while services providing primarily accommodation, information and support to individuals and families are classified in the Social Services group.
• PHOs are local structures for delivering and co-ordinating primary health care services. PHOs bring together doctors, nurses and other health professionals (such as Maori health workers, health promotion workers, dieticians, pharmacists, physiotherapists, psychologists and midwives) in the community to serve the needs of their enrolled populations. PHOs vary widely in size and structure. The first PHOs were established in July 2002 and there are now 81 PHOs around the country.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 34,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Hospitals/Rehabilitation sometime in a 12-month period.
• 46,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Hospices sometime in a 12-month period.
• 38,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Illness and Disease Prevention sometime in a 12-month period.
• 51,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Mental Health Services sometime in a 12-month period.
• 42,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Children's Health sometime in a 12-month period.
• 45,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Other Health Services sometime in a 12-month period.
• 307,000 people aged 10+ supported Hospitals/Rehabilitation sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 706,000 people aged 10+ supported Hospices sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 666,000 people aged 10+ supported Illness and Disease Prevention sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 340,000 people aged 10+ supported Mental Health Services sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 713,000 people aged 10+ supported Children's Health sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 759,000 people aged 10+ supported Other Health Services sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• When reporting on unpaid activities undertaken in the 4 weeks prior to the 2006 NZ Census: 258,708 people (8.13%) aged 15 years and over helped someone who was ill or had a disability, and did not live in their household.
• 2,200 volunteer St John ambulance officers contribute approximately 1.8 million hours – working with paid ambulance officers to treat 300,000 patients, travel over 13 million kilometres by ambulance and attend 250,000 emergency 111 calls on average every year. St John delivers ambulance services to more than 85 per cent of New Zealanders. St John has 6,000 volunteers and just over 2,000 paid staff.
  

Key statistics

Health	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	450	4.6	7
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	1,770	2.0	9
Total number of NPIs	2,210	2.3	9
Number of employees	15,090	14.3	4
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	466,812	12.8	4

Encompasses all NPIs that have a direct relationship with wild or domestic plant or animal life, or with the physical environment.

• 3^rd smallest group (1.4%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions:  1,310
• 4^th smallest group (1%) by number of employees:  1,020
• 92.4% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 3^rd smallest amongst all NPI activity groups. 1.1%
• Main income: 78.4% from sales of goods/services, 16.2% from membership, donations and grants.

3 distinctive subgroups

1. Environment subgroup includes institutions that promote pollution abatement and control, natural resources conservation and protection and environmental beautification of open spaces. (NZ examples: Maruia Society, Keep NZ Beautiful, botanical gardens)    1,010 NPIs
2. Animal protection subgroup includes institutions involved in animal protection and welfare, wildlife preservation and protection and veterinary services. (NZ examples: SPCA, Cats Protection League, Yellow-Eyed Penguin Trust)  250 NPIs
3. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in
   sub-groups above, but related in purpose.  50 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Environment group is dominated by two types of NPIs:
  Those that serve farming interests, and those that are more traditionally associated with environmental and wildlife protection, including animal welfare.
• This group is financially dominated by the Animal Health board and farmers’ veterinary co-operatives, however the majority of institutions are those traditionally seen as grassroots environmental or animal welfare groups.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 58,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Environmental activities sometime in a 12-month period.
• 35,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Animal Welfare and Rights sometime in a 12-month period.
• 417,000 people aged 10+ supported Environmental activities sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).  
• 530,000 people aged 10+ supported Animal Welfare and Rights sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).

Additional facts from the Department of Conservation (Dec 2007):

• 19,393 workday equivalents are contributed each year by people volunteering time on conservation work.
• More than 6,000 volunteers contributed almost 175,000 hours of voluntary work, valued at over $2.1m (based on an hourly wage of $12.15).  They also brought in-kind contributions of $894,000 from donated or discounted goods, equipment, supplies and costs of travel.
• 362 groups across the country work with DoC to achieve conservation benefits. 201 of them contributed an incredible $15 million annually in combined income, voluntary hours and in-kind contributions. The groups contributed a total income of over $12m to their work, of which over half came from non-government sources, such as sponsorship and donations. 

Key statistics

Environment	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	110	1.1	10
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	1,210	1.4	10
Total number of NPIs	1,310	1.4	10
Number of employees	1,020	1.0	9
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	39,193	1.1	10

Includes institutions that promote, regulate and safeguard interests of businesses, professionals and workers - such as trade unions and chambers of commerce.  

• 7^th largest group (3.2%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 3,130
• 7^th largest group (3.2%) by number of employees: 3,400
• 85% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is 7^th largest amongst all NPI activity groups: 4.7%
• Main income: 77.2% from sales of goods/services, 17.3% from membership, donations and grants

4 distinctive subgroups

1. Business associations subgroup includes institutions that promote, regulate and safeguard interests of businesses. (NZ examples: Federated Farmers of NZ, Master Builders Assn, Hospitality Assn of NZ, Property Investors Assn)    1,930 NPIs
2. Professional associations subgroup is NPIs promoting, regulating and protecting professional interests.  (NZ examples: Institute of Management, District Law Society, NZ Dental Assn)  750 NPIs
3. Labour unions subgroup covers NPIs that promote, protect and regulate the rights and interests of employees. (NZ examples: NZ Meat Workers Union, Maritime Union of NZ, NZ Waterfront Workers Union)  460 NPIs
4. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose.  None

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Department of Labour website states there were 169 registered unions with a total membership of 383,551 as at 1 March 2007. This represents 17.9% of the total employed labour force (March 2007 Household Labour Force Survey). The total number of union members has increased by 2.8% since March 2006, compared to an increase of 1.7% in the total employed labour force for the same period.

Key statistics

Business & professional associations, & unions	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	470	4.8	6
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	2,660	3.0	7
Total number of NPIs	3,130	3.2	7
Number of employees	3,400	3.2	7
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	172,161	4.7	7

NPIs with an international focus including development assistance, emergency aid and relief, exchange programmes, and human rights and peace advocates

• The smallest group (0.3%) in terms of numbers of non-profit institutions: 300
• Smallest group (0.5%) by number of employees:  560
• 86.7% of these NPIs rely entirely on volunteers to maintain their operations.
• Economic contribution is the smallest amongst all NPI activity groups:    0.6%
• Main income: 71.9% from membership, donations and grants, 14.9% from sales of goods/services

2 distinctive subgroups

1. International activities subgroup includes exchange/friendship/cultural programmes, development assistance associations, international disaster and relief institutions and international human rights and peace advocates.
   (NZ examples: World Vision, Amnesty International, Oxfam, AFS Intercultural Programmes)   240 NPIs
2. Support and ancillary services covers NPIs not adequately covered in sub-groups above, but related in purpose. (NZ example: Trade Aid trusts)   60 NPIs

Notable characteristics, exclusions and inclusions:

• Smallest group across all measures.
• Only includes those institutions focused on activity internationally, not in NZ. 
  This means most of the NPIs are national bodies.
• Although not concerned exclusively with aid and relief, it is these NPIs that make the biggest financial impact. The low level of GDP contribution reflects the nature of the international activity.

Data on volunteering and giving

• 23,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Child Sponsorship sometime in a 12-month period.
• 10,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Fair Trade Practices sometime in a 12-month period.
• 27,000 people aged 10+ volunteered their time to Disaster Relief sometime in a 12-month period.
• 454,000 people aged 10+ supported Child Sponsorship sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 255,000 people aged 10+ supported Fair Trade Practices sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• 449,000 people aged 10+ supported Disaster Relief sometime in a 12-month period (ie: volunteered, donated or gave in other ways).
• Volunteer Service Abroad (VSA) volunteers work in a range of sectors including resource management and conservation, community development, education and training, economic development, tourism, health, agriculture and organisational development. At any one time, VSA has an average of 100 volunteers in the field. VSA assignments are in 17 countries across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific and usually last two years.

Key statistics

International	No. of NPIs	% of all NPIs	Rank
Number of NPIs employing paid staff	45	0.5	12
Number of NPIs not employing paid staff	260	0.3	12
Total number of NPIs	300	0.3	12
Number of employees	560	0.5	12
Contribution to GDP excl. unpaid work ($000)	21,624	0.6	12